monere

Monere is a Latin verb meaning to warn, advise, or remind. It belongs to the second conjugation and appears frequently in classical Latin as a verb of communication and admonition. The principal parts are moneo, monere, monui, monitum, from which all other forms are derived. In the present system, the active forms include moneo, mones, monet, monemus, monetis, monent; the imperfect uses monebam, monebas, monebat, and so on; the future uses monebo, monebis, monebit, etc. The perfect system gives monui, monuisti, monuit, monuimus, monuistis, monuerunt, with the supine form monitum. The passive voice has moneor, moneris, monetur, monemur, monemini, monentur. Participles include monens (present active), monitus (perfect passive), and the future passive participle monendus (to be warned).

In usage, monere covers warning, admonition, and reminder in a broad sense. It can express giving prudent advice or cautioning someone about a danger, as well as reminding someone of a duty. Typical constructions include te moneo (I warn you) or moneo te de re aliqua, with the object or clause indicating the warning. The verb can govern additional clauses or objects to complete the sense of admonition—for example, “Me de periculo monuit” (he warned me about the danger).

Etymology and influence: monere is a core Latin verb, the source of related terms in Romance languages and of English derivatives such as monitor, monition, and monitory. The participle monitus yields the noun monitus and the adjective monitus, both connected to the sense of being warned or advised. In Roman literature, monere appears in legal, rhetorical, and everyday contexts, reflecting its central role in social communication.