monuimus

Monuimus is the first person plural perfect active indicative form of the Latin verb monēre, meaning “to warn, advise, or caution.” In English translations, monuimus is typically rendered as “we warned” or, depending on context, “we have warned.” It appears in narrative and reported-speech contexts to indicate a completed warning in the past.

Principal parts and forms of monēre include: monuī (I warned), monuistī (you warned), monuit (he/she/it warned), monuimus (we warned / we have warned), monuistis (you all warned), monuērunt or monuerunt (they warned). The form monuimus specifically is the 1st person plural perfect active. Like other Latin perfects, it can express either a simple past or a present-perfect nuance depending on context and aspect.

Usage notes: monuimus takes a direct object in the accusative when the thing warned about is stated, as in Monuimus te de periculis, “We warned you about the dangers.” It can also occur with a ne-clause to express advice not to do something, e.g., Monuimus te ne eās (we warned you not to go), though the exact wording may vary with author and period. In classical Latin, the perfect tense often corresponds to a completed past action rather than a present perfect in English, so translators choose the sense that best fits the surrounding text.

See also: monēre, Latin verb conjugation, perfect indicative.