modální
Modální is a term used in linguistics, often encountered in Czech and related languages, to refer to modality—the semantic category that expresses a speaker’s attitude toward the likelihood, necessity, permission, or obligation of a proposition. Modality can be realized in different ways across languages, including auxiliary verbs, particles, mood marks, or periphrastic constructions.
In linguistic analysis, modality is commonly divided into several broad types. Epistemic modality expresses likelihood or
Most languages realize modality with modal expressions known as modal verbs or auxiliaries. In English, modals
Historically, modal systems often emerge from older verbs of desire or volition, gradually acquiring distinct temporal