milliyetçilik

Milliyetçilik is an ideology and nationalist political movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation's sovereignty (self-determination) over its homeland. Nationalists generally come in two varieties: those who are civic nationalists, and those who are ethnic nationalists. Civic nationalists define the nation as a political entity based on shared citizenship and political values, regardless of ethnic or cultural differences. Ethnic nationalists define the nation as a political entity based on a shared heritage, including ethnicity, language, and culture.

The term "milliyetçilik" is derived from the Turkish word "millet," which historically referred to a religious or ethnic community within the Ottoman Empire. In modern Turkey, "milliyetçilik" is often associated with a strong sense of national identity, loyalty to the Turkish state, and a belief in the cultural and historical unity of the Turkish people. It encompasses a range of ideas, from a moderate emphasis on national pride and cultural preservation to more assertive forms that advocate for national interests on the global stage.

Milliyetçilik can manifest in various ways, including cultural revival movements, political advocacy for national sovereignty, and economic policies aimed at strengthening the domestic economy. It often plays a significant role in shaping national discourse, influencing foreign policy, and contributing to the collective identity of a population. The specific interpretations and expressions of milliyetçilik can vary greatly depending on historical context, political circumstances, and the particular nation in question.