mikrovågsledningsresonator

mikrovågsledni, also known as a waveguide, is a hollow metal tube or conduit used to guide electromagnetic waves, typically in the microwave frequency range. These waves propagate along the interior of the waveguide, reflecting off its metallic walls. The dimensions of the waveguide are crucial, as they must be comparable to the wavelength of the electromagnetic waves to allow for efficient propagation. If the waveguide's cross-sectional dimensions are too small, the waves will not propagate and will be attenuated. Conversely, if they are too large, multiple modes of propagation can occur, leading to signal distortion.

Waveguides are commonly rectangular or circular in cross-section. Rectangular waveguides are widely used due to their ease of manufacturing and their ability to support a dominant mode (TE10) with a single cutoff frequency, which simplifies design. Circular waveguides are also employed, particularly in high-power applications, as they offer lower loss and can support a circularly polarized wave. The material used for waveguides is typically a good conductor, such as copper or aluminum, to minimize signal loss.

Applications for waveguides are extensive, including in radar systems, satellite communication, microwave ovens, and particle accelerators. They are essential components in transmitting high-frequency electromagnetic signals with minimal loss and distortion over relatively short distances, often serving as alternatives to coaxial cables when higher frequencies or higher power levels are involved.