mikrosatellitter

Mikrosatellitter, or microsatellites, are artificial satellites with typical masses between 10 and 100 kilograms. They are smaller than traditional large satellites and are designed to be cheaper and faster to develop. The reduced size enables shorter development cycles, use of commercial components, and more frequent launches, making them suitable for technology demonstrations, Earth observation, communications, and scientific experiments. They sit between nano-satellites (roughly 1–10 kg) and larger small-satellites (tens to hundreds of kilograms).

A microsatellite’s design generally emphasizes efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Core subsystems include structure, power (usually solar panels and batteries), avionics, and communications. Attitude determination and control may utilize magnetorquers, reaction wheels, or thrusters in some models, while many missions forego propulsion to keep costs down. On-board computers, sensors, and communications bands are selected to balance performance with power and mass constraints. Most microsatellites rely on commercial off-the-shelf components to accelerate development, though radiation-tolerance considerations remain important for space environments.

Launch and operations often leverage rideshares on light-lift launch vehicles or secondary payload opportunities. After deployment, ground stations communicate with the satellite to upload mission data and receive telemetry. Some microsatellites operate as individual units, while others participate in multi-satellite formations or small constellations to increase coverage or data throughput.

End-of-life considerations, including deorbit or passivation, are commonly planned to mitigate space debris. The microsatellite segment has grown with increasing commercial and governmental interest, enabling rapid experimentation and wider access to space.