mikrohüdrosüsteemis

A micro-hydro system is a small-scale hydroelectric power generation facility. These systems harness the energy of flowing water, typically from rivers, streams, or canals, to produce electricity. They are distinguished from larger hydroelectric dams by their size, typically generating between 5 and 100 kilowatts (kW) of power.

The fundamental principle behind micro-hydro systems is the conversion of potential and kinetic energy of water into mechanical energy, which then drives a turbine. The turbine is connected to a generator that produces electricity. Common types of turbines used include Pelton, Francis, and Turgo turbines, chosen based on the head (vertical drop of water) and flow rate available.

Micro-hydro systems can be categorized by their installation type. Run-of-river systems divert a portion of a water flow without requiring a large dam, utilizing the natural gradient of the watercourse. Storage systems, while less common in micro-hydro due to scale, can involve a small reservoir.

These systems are often used in remote or off-grid locations where extending conventional electricity grids is impractical or too expensive. They can provide a reliable and renewable source of power for individual homes, farms, or small communities. The environmental impact of micro-hydro systems is generally considered low compared to larger dams, as they often require minimal civil works and have less impact on aquatic ecosystems. However, careful consideration is still needed regarding water flow regulation and potential disruption to local wildlife.