mikroevolúciós

Mikroevolúció refers to evolutionary changes at the population level that occur over relatively short periods. It focuses on alterations in allele frequencies within a gene pool of a species. These changes are typically observable and can be documented within human lifetimes or over a few generations. Key mechanisms driving microevolution include mutation, gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection. Mutation introduces new genetic variation, while gene flow, the movement of genes between populations, can alter allele frequencies. Genetic drift, particularly in small populations, leads to random fluctuations in allele frequencies. Natural selection favors individuals with traits that enhance survival and reproduction, causing advantageous alleles to become more common.

The study of microevolution is crucial for understanding larger-scale evolutionary processes, known as macroevolution, which involve the formation of new species and higher taxonomic groups over much longer geological timescales. Examples of microevolutionary processes include the development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, pesticide resistance in insects, and changes in the beak shape of finches in response to environmental shifts. By analyzing these smaller-scale changes, scientists can gain insights into the fundamental mechanisms that shape the diversity of life on Earth. Microevolutionary studies often involve direct observation, experimentation, and the analysis of genetic data from populations.