mikroangiopatíu

Mikroangiopatija is a medical term referring to damage to small blood vessels, also known as capillaries and arterioles. This condition can affect various organs and tissues throughout the body, including the kidneys, eyes, nerves, and skin. The underlying causes of microangiopathy are diverse and can include chronic diseases, genetic disorders, and certain medications.

One of the most common causes of microangiopathy is diabetes mellitus. High blood sugar levels over time can damage the delicate walls of small blood vessels, leading to impaired blood flow and organ dysfunction. This diabetic microangiopathy can manifest as diabetic retinopathy, which affects vision, and diabetic nephropathy, which can lead to kidney failure.

Another significant cause is thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). This group of disorders is characterized by the formation of small blood clots in the capillaries, leading to organ damage. Examples of TMA include hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). These conditions can be life-threatening and require prompt medical intervention.

Other conditions that can lead to microangiopathy include autoimmune diseases like lupus erythematosus, certain infections, and some types of cancer. The symptoms of microangiopathy vary depending on the affected organ. For instance, kidney involvement might lead to protein in the urine or high blood pressure, while nerve damage could cause numbness or tingling. Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies. Treatment aims to address the underlying cause and manage symptoms to prevent further complications.