micronations

Micronations are self-proclaimed political entities that claim to be independent nations but lack recognition as sovereign states by established governments or international bodies. They are typically created by individuals or small groups for political, artistic, personal, or satirical reasons and often exist on a small parcel of land, on private property, or within a larger state. They usually maintain some form of government, constitution, or legal code and may issue passports, stamps, coins, or ceremonial titles, though these artifacts have no legal standing beyond the micronation's own community.

Many micronations arise as social experiments, political statements, performances, or curiosities. Notable examples include the Principality of Sealand, established on an offshore platform off the coast of England; the Principality of Hutt River in Australia; and the Republic of Molossia in Nevada. Others are associated with protest movements, art projects, or tourism ventures. Some claim sovereignty over territories claimed by others or over imagined domains, often with minimal real-world land.

From a legal perspective, micronations usually lack recognized jurisdiction. They may seek recognition or diplomatic relations, but such efforts are generally unsuccessful. Scholars view micronations as demonstrations of sovereignty and identity, or as social or political commentary, rather than serious attempts to supplant existing states.