microchiroptera

Microchiroptera is a traditional term for the group of bats known as microbats, which rely on echolocation. It contrasts with Megachiroptera (megabats). Microchiroptera is the largest and most diverse group of bats, found on most continents and in a wide range of habitats.

Anatomy and echolocation: Microchiropterans are generally small to medium in size. Their wings are formed by a skin patagium stretched over elongated fingers. They use laryngeal echolocation with high-frequency calls to navigate and locate prey; call structure differs by species and habitat.

Diet and ecology: Most are insectivorous, but some species eat fruit, nectar, fish, small vertebrates, or blood. They roost in caves, mines, trees, and buildings. They are predominantly nocturnal and may form solitary or colonial roosts.

Behavior and reproduction: Reproductive strategies vary; many species give birth to one or two young annually. Some migrate or hibernate in temperate regions. Social structure ranges from simple roosting to complex colonies with cooperative behaviors.

Taxonomy and current view: Traditional Microchiroptera is not universally recognized as a clade in modern classifications. Molecular studies place echolocating bats across two large lineages, with megabats as a separate group; thus Microchiroptera is often treated as a historical grouping rather than a formal taxon.

Conservation: Bats face threats from habitat loss, disturbance of roosts, disease (notably white-nose syndrome in some regions), and environmental changes. Conservation measures include protecting roosts, preserving foraging habitats, and reducing pesticide exposure.