metalo

Metalo is a term used in several languages to denote metals, a broad class of elements and alloys that share characteristic properties. Metals are typically lustrous, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of electricity and heat. They form positive ions and are concentrated toward the left and center of the periodic table. Metalo includes both pure elements such as iron, copper, and aluminum, and alloys such as steel, bronze, and brass.

Physical and chemical properties of metalo arise from metallic bonding, where electrons form a “sea” around positively charged ions. This bonding gives metals high electrical and thermal conductivity, reflectivity, and strong mechanical strength. Most metals are crystalline and have high densities, though some exceptions exist (for example, lithium and aluminum have relatively low densities). Melting points vary widely; mercury is liquid at room temperature, while tungsten and tantalum melt at very high temperatures. Metals can oxidize in air, forming protective or dulling oxide layers; corrosion is a major consideration in engineering and infrastructure.

Occurrence and production of metalo begin in Earth's crust as minerals. They are extracted by mining and refined through processes such as smelting and electrolysis to obtain pure metals. Many metals are alloyed to improve properties like strength, hardness, or corrosion resistance. Common alloys include steel (iron and carbon), bronze (copper and tin), and brass (copper and zinc).

Uses of metalo are diverse, spanning construction, transportation, electronics, energy, and manufacturing. Metals are frequently recycled, a process that conserves resources and reduces environmental impact, making recycling a key aspect of modern metallurgy.