merült

Merült is the past participle of the Hungarian verb merül, and it functions as both a participle and an adjective in modern usage. It commonly denotes that something has submerged, sunk, or become immersed, especially in water. In a nautical or physical sense, merült can describe a vessel or object that has descended below the surface, as in a sentence equivalent to “the ship sank.” In attributive position it can describe a submerged state, for example a merült hajó would be a sunk or submerged ship, though more common phrasing often uses other verbs or nouns depending on the context.

In idiomatic usage, merült also appears in fixed expressions meaning that something has arisen or come up. The phrase merült fel is widely used to indicate that a question, issue, or possibility has come up or arisen, as in Kérdés merült fel a megbeszélésen (A question arose at the meeting). This sense is figurative rather than nautical and is one of the most frequent usages of the form merült.

Morphologically, merült is the form used for the masculine singular past participle and can appear in predicative positions or as an attributive adjective in compound phrases. It may occur with prefixes to form related verbs indicating different aspects of submersion, such as elmerülni (to submerge completely) in which merül serves as the root.

See also: merül, merülés, merülő, felmerül.