mentalhealth

Mental health refers to a person’s emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It affects how people think, feel, and act, and influences how they cope with stress, relate to others, and make choices. Mental health is not merely the absence of a mental illness; it exists on a spectrum and can change over time and across cultures.

Mental health problems arise from a combination of factors, including biology (genetics, brain chemistry), life experiences (trauma, abuse, chronic stress), and social determinants (poverty, discrimination, access to care). Protective factors such as strong relationships, stable housing, and access to services help reduce risk and support recovery.

Common conditions include mood disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder; anxiety disorders; psychotic disorders; eating disorders; and substance use disorders. Symptoms vary widely and may overlap with medical conditions. Early recognition and respectful assessment are important.

Treatment and support are often effective and should be individualized. A typical approach combines psychotherapy, medications when appropriate, and social supports. Access to care, continuity of care, and coordinated services across primary care, mental health specialists, and community resources are important.

Public health perspectives emphasize reducing stigma, expanding access to care, and promoting mental health across the lifespan. Strategies include school-based programs, workplace mental health policies, crisis services, and efforts to address social determinants of health.

Mental health conditions are diagnosed using standardized criteria in manuals such as the DSM-5 or ICD-11, but diagnosis relies on clinical judgment and contextual factors. People experiencing distress or thoughts of self-harm should seek professional help promptly. Rights, confidentiality, and person-centered care are central to practice.