menstruated

Menstruated is the past tense of menstruate, a verb that describes the monthly process during which the lining of the uterus is shed through the vagina in humans and some other mammals. Menstruation typically occurs as part of the menstrual cycle when pregnancy does not occur.

During the cycle, hormones regulate the thickening of the endometrium to prepare for possible pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, levels of estrogen and progesterone fall, triggering the shedding of the endometrium, which is menstruation. The shed tissue and blood exit through the cervix and vagina, lasting several days.

Most people experience menstruation lasting 3-7 days, with typical blood loss around 30-40 milliliters, but ranges widely from 10-80 mL. The menstrual cycle is often 28 days on average but can range from about 21 to 35 days in adults, and can be longer in adolescents during the first years after menarche.

Menarche commonly occurs in puberty between ages 9 and 15. Menstruation typically ends with menopause, usually between ages 45 and 55, though cycles vary. Bleeding patterns vary widely; heavy or prolonged bleeding (menorrhagia), very light bleeding (spotting), or severe pain may indicate medical conditions and warrant evaluation.

Menstruation has social and cultural significance in many societies, with attitudes ranging from stigma to openness; access to menstrual products and education varies.