megalophthalmia

Megalophthalmia is a rare congenital condition characterized by abnormally large eyes. This condition is not to be confused with hydrophthalmia, which is also characterized by enlarged eyes but is caused by increased intraocular pressure. Megalophthalmia is typically bilateral and can be associated with other ocular anomalies such as coloboma, microphthalmia, or nystagmus. It can also be an isolated finding. The enlarged appearance is primarily due to an increase in the axial length of the eyeball.

The exact cause of megalophthalmia is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to genetic factors or developmental abnormalities during fetal growth. In some cases, it has been linked to certain genetic syndromes. Visual acuity in individuals with megalophthalmia can vary significantly. While some may have normal or near-normal vision, others may experience significant visual impairment due to associated refractive errors, amblyopia, or other ocular complications.

Diagnosis is typically made at birth or early infancy based on clinical examination. Measuring the corneal diameter and axial length of the eye can help confirm the diagnosis. There is no specific cure for megalophthalmia itself, as it is a structural anomaly. Management focuses on addressing any associated refractive errors with glasses or contact lenses, and treating any other ocular conditions that may impair vision. Regular ophthalmological follow-up is essential to monitor eye health and visual development.