mediastinoskopi

Mediastinoscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used for examining the mediastinum, the space in the chest between the lungs. This procedure involves making a small incision, typically just above the sternum, and inserting a mediastinoscope, a thin, lighted tube with a camera, to visualize the structures within this region. It is primarily performed for diagnostic purposes, such as obtaining tissue samples (biopsies) from lymph nodes or suspicious masses located in the mediastinum.

The main indication for mediastinoscopy is the staging of lung cancer, where it helps determine if the cancer has spread to the mediastinal lymph nodes. This information is crucial for planning the most effective treatment strategy. Other applications include the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, lymphoma, and other diseases that can affect the mediastinal lymph nodes.

The procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia. After the incision and insertion of the mediastinoscope, the surgeon can carefully inspect the lymph nodes and surrounding tissues. If abnormal areas are identified, instruments can be passed through the mediastinoscope to collect biopsy samples.

Complications from mediastinoscopy are relatively uncommon but can include bleeding, infection, pneumothorax (collapsed lung), or damage to surrounding structures such as the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Recovery is generally quick, with most patients able to return to normal activities within a few days to a week. Mediastinoscopy remains an important tool in the diagnosis and staging of various thoracic conditions.