maschinen

Maschinen, the German word for machines, are devices that use energy to perform work or to produce a desired effect. The term encompasses a wide range of systems, from simple devices that change the form or direction of a force to complex electromechanical and automated systems.

In the broad sense, machines are often categorized as simple machines (lever, pulley, inclined plane, screw, wedge, wheel and axle) and complex machines that combine several simple mechanisms. The history of machines spans ancient times, with early simple machines described by classical scholars, through the Industrial Revolution, which introduced powered engines and mechanized production, to modern automation and robotics.

Automation and robotics are defining features of contemporary machinery. Modern machines frequently rely on sensors, actuators, and control software to perform tasks with minimal human intervention, increasing productivity while reshaping labor demands and skills.

Maschinenbau, or mechanical engineering, is the engineering discipline dedicated to the design, analysis, and manufacture of machines and systems. It covers subjects such as dynamics, materials science, thermodynamics, control theory, manufacturing processes, and systems integration.

Impact and regulation: Machines shape economic activity, daily life, and safety standards. Their development raises considerations about energy use, emissions, safety, and ethics. International and regional standards and certification schemes, such as ISO norms and CE marking, help ensure compatibility and safety across markets.