maritimetrade
Maritimetrade refers to the international exchange of goods and commodities conducted primarily by sea routes and the related logistics and infrastructure that support it. It covers containerized cargo, bulk commodities such as oil, coal, and grain, and other sea-based shipments, and it spans ship operators, ports, and service providers across national borders.
Participants include shipping lines, freight forwarders, non-vessel operating common carriers, shippers, port authorities, customs authorities, and
Core activities include vessel operations, voyage planning, cargo handling, stevedoring, warehousing, and intermodal transfers. Containerization has
Infrastructure includes ships of varied sizes, container terminals, bulk terminals, ports, dredging, and canal networks. Global
Regulation and safety are governed by international bodies such as the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and
Maritimetrade is a major component of global trade, offering scale economies and connectivity but facing pressures