maquillage

Maquillage is the practice of applying cosmetics to the face and body to alter or enhance appearance. In French-speaking contexts, the term covers everyday makeup as well as more specialized forms used in theater, film, and photography. It can refer to both the general discipline and a specific technique, such as maquillage artistique (stage or character makeup).

Historically, humans have used pigments and formulations for cosmetic purposes across cultures, from ancient Egypt and Greece to East Asia. In modern times, maquillage encompasses a wide range of products designed to even skin tone, define features, and protect the skin, often after skincare preparation. Trends include color experimentation, contouring, and long-wear formulas, with emphasis on skin-adjacent finishes.

Common components include foundation, powder, concealer, blush, bronzer, and highlighter for the face; eyeshadow, eyeliner, and mascara; and lip products such as lipstick and gloss. Techniques rely on tools such as brushes and sponges, as well as primer and setting products to improve longevity. Maquillage can be natural-looking for everyday wear or transformative for stage and camera work, where lighting conditions require bolder definitions.

Regulation of cosmetic products varies by country but generally covers safety, labeling, and ingredient disclosure. In professional settings, maquillage artistry may involve color theory, character design, and collaboration with lighting and wardrobe. The term remains widely used in Francophone media and beauty industries as a neutral descriptor for cosmetic application.