maqsad

Maqsad is a noun used in several languages, including Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and Turkish, to denote a purpose, aim, or objective. It can refer to a personal goal, the intended outcome of an action, or the target of planning, and it is commonly used in everyday speech as well as formal discourse.

The term derives from the Arabic root q-s-d, associated with aiming, intending, and directing towards a destination. In Islamic jurisprudence, the plural maqasid (المقاصد) refers to the higher objectives or purposes of Sharia, such as the protection of life, religion, intellect, lineage, and property. In general usage, maqsad emphasizes the end or destination of efforts rather than the means used to achieve it, and it is often contrasted with niyyah (intention) in specific religious or ethical discussions.

Usage and nuance vary by language. In Urdu, Persian, and Arabic, maqsad/maqṣad is widely used to express goals in education, career, or personal development. In Turkish, the corresponding term is maksat, though some texts transliterate it as maqsad. In all cases, the word conveys a forward-looking sense of direction and intent behind actions.

Common equivalents in English include purpose, goal, objective, and aim. Maqsad is thus a versatile term that spans everyday planning, philosophical inquiry, and formal discussions about the aims of law, ethics, or organization.