mannaðarskiptum
Mannaðarskiptum is a term used in Icelandic sociology and anthropology to describe a model of social exchange in which resources, labor, and services are exchanged primarily through direct reciprocity and mutual obligation rather than through money. The concept emphasizes interpersonal relationships, communal obligation, and trust as organizing principles of exchange networks. The word appears to be a modern coinage built from Icelandic roots related to people and exchange, with a suffix that indicates plural or instrumental use in the sense of exchanges.
In studies of informal economies, mannaðarskiptum is used as a lens to examine how households and communities
Usage and debates center on its social effects. Proponents argue that such exchanges strengthen social cohesion,
See also: Gift economy, Social capital, Informal economy, Time banking, Mutual aid. Note: because the term has