malfungsi

Malfungsi (from Indonesian for malfunction) is the state in which a system fails to perform its intended function, exhibiting deviation from expected behavior. Used in both hardware and software contexts, it describes cases where devices, components, or processes do not operate as designed.

Causes include design flaws, component wear, manufacturing defects, software bugs, configuration errors, environmental stress such as temperature or vibration, power irregularities, and external interference. Malfunctions can be transient, intermittent, or permanent, and they may affect a single function or the entire system.

In reliability engineering, malfunctions are analyzed using techniques such as failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) and fault tree analysis, and risk is quantified with metrics like mean time between failures (MTBF) and failure rate. Mitigation includes redundancy, diagnostics and health monitoring, error handling, self-test routines, software updates, and preventive maintenance.

Real-world examples range from a smartphone app crash, to a car engine warning light illuminating without a fault, to industrial sensors producing erroneous readings. Within Indonesian usage, malfungsi is a standard term borrowed from English, found in technical documentation and everyday speech to denote a lapse in proper operation.

See also related concepts such as malfunction, fault tolerance, and reliability engineering.