malaquita

Malachite, known as malaquita in Spanish, is a copper carbonate hydroxide mineral with the formula Cu2(CO3)(OH)2. It is best known for its vivid green color and distinctive banded patterns that form concentric rings or draped layers. Malachite typically forms as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zones of copper ore deposits. It commonly occurs in botryoidal or massive crusts, though sharp crystals are rare. The mineral has a Mohs hardness of about 3.5–4 and a specific gravity of roughly 3.6–4.0, with a luster ranging from vitreous to silky.

Malachite is found worldwide in copper-rich regions. Notable sources include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chile, Russia, Australia, and the United States. It often occurs with other copper minerals such as azurite, chrysocolla, goethite, and calcite.

Uses of malachite are primarily ornamental. It is cut into cabochons and beads for jewelry, carved into decorative objects, and polished to reveal its characteristic banding. Historically, malachite was also used as a green pigment in art and decoration, though modern pigments have largely replaced it due to stability and safety considerations.

Safety and handling: malachite contains copper and can be hazardous if its dust is inhaled or ingested. Polished or intact pieces pose little risk, but care should be taken to avoid creating dust during cutting or grinding. Clean with mild soap and water, and avoid acidic cleaners that can dissolve copper carbonate.