makulære

Makulære is an adjective used in ophthalmology and anatomy to refer to the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed central vision. The term is derived from the Latin macula, meaning “spot.” In clinical language it is used to describe conditions that affect the macula or to characterize structures within this region.

The macula lutea is located near the center of the retina, surrounding the fovea centralis. This area provides the highest visual acuity and color discrimination because it is rich in cone photoreceptors. The surrounding retina supports peripheral and broad-field vision. Changes in the macular region can lead to central vision loss, distorted vision, or difficulty reading and recognizing faces.

Common makulære conditions include macular degeneration (often age-related), diabetic macular edema, macular holes, and epiretinal membranes (macular pucker). Other macula-related issues can arise from central serous chorioretinopathy and inflammatory or inherited disorders. Symptoms typically involve blurred or distorted central vision, reduced color perception, or the appearance of wavy lines. Diagnosis relies on examinations of visual acuity, dilated fundus examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and sometimes fluorescein angiography.

Treatment depends on the specific condition. Age-related macular degeneration may be managed with intravitreal injections that inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), while diabetic macular edema often requires anti-VEGF therapy, laser treatment, or steroids. Macular holes and epiretinal membranes may require surgical intervention such as vitrectomy with membrane peeling. Early detection and regular eye exams are important for maintaining central vision.