makten

Makten is the definite form of the Swedish noun makt, commonly translated as "the power" or "the authority." It denotes the capacity to influence outcomes, control resources, or compel behavior. The term can refer to the power held by governments, organizations, or individuals within a social system.

In political discourse, makten is studied across multiple domains: state power (administration, legislation, judiciary), economic power (companies, markets), and cultural or symbolic power (norms, legitimacy). It can be formal, codified in constitutions and laws, or informal, based on influence, expertise, or charisma. The exercise of makten is constrained by institutions, legal norms, and accountability mechanisms, such as checks and balances and the rule of law.

Theoretical perspectives on makten include Max Weber's typology of legitimate authority—traditional, charismatic, and legal-rational—which explains different bases for power. Power dynamics involve distribution and concentration across branches, interest groups, and social strata. The concept also encompasses social conflicts and resistance, including movements seeking to alter the balance of makten.

In modern democracies, makten is expected to be legitimate through consent, transparency, and accountability. Debates focus on balancing efficiency with rights protection, preventing abuse, and distributing power fairly among institutions, groups, and citizens.