maksekeskkond
Maksekeskkond, or payment environment, is the system of institutions, technologies and rules that enable electronic payments between payers and recipients. It covers payment initiation, processing, settlement and related services across cards, bank transfers, digital wallets and mobile payments. The maksekeskkond can operate within a country, such as Estonia, or across a broader region such as the European Union.
Key participants include banks and other payment service providers (PSPs), card networks, payment gateways and processors,
Typical payment flows involve the payer initiating a payment, the payment being authorized (often with strong
Regulation and supervision: in the European Union, directives such as PSD2 shape the maksekeskkond by promoting
Trends: real-time and cross‑border payments, open banking with API access, and the ongoing digitalization of payments.