makroverenkierron

Makroverenkierron, known in English as macrocirculation, refers to the portion of the circulatory system that comprises the body’s large arteries and veins that carry blood to and from the organs. It operates alongside the microcirculation, which involves arterioles, capillaries, and venules responsible for exchange at the tissue level.

Anatomy and components include the aorta and major branches such as the carotids, subclavians, mesenteric, renal, and iliac arteries, as well as the large veins like the venae cavae. The heart functions as the central pump that generates the pressures driving systemic flow. The pulmonary circulation is generally described separately from systemic macrocirculation.

Physiology and regulation involve macrovascular flow determining systemic blood pressure and organ perfusion. Factors such as arterial stiffness, peripheral resistance, and cardiac output influence flow distribution. Regulation occurs through the autonomic nervous system, baroreceptors, and hormonal systems including the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone axis, vasopressin, and natriuretic peptides, along with endothelium-derived nitric oxide and endothelin.

Clinical relevance includes diseases of macrocirculation such as atherosclerotic disease of large arteries, aneurysms, peripheral artery disease, venous insufficiency, and deep vein thrombosis. Hypertension reflects altered macrovascular tone and resistance and raises the risk of stroke and myocardial infarction. Coronary and cerebral macrovascular disease are major contributors to morbidity and mortality.

Assessment and management rely on blood pressure measurement and, in some settings, arterial line monitoring, with imaging methods such as Doppler ultrasound and CT or MR angiography to evaluate vessel patency and structure. Treatments aim to reduce vascular risk and improve perfusion, including lifestyle modification and pharmacotherapy such as antihypertensives and lipid-lowering agents.