makrotsyyttisyyttä

Makrotsyyttisyys refers to the presence of abnormally large red blood cells, known as macrocytes, in the blood. This condition is often identified through a complete blood count (CBC) and a peripheral blood smear examination, where a hematologist can visually assess the size of the red blood cells. Macrocytes are generally defined as red blood cells with a diameter greater than 9 micrometers.

Several factors can lead to makrotsyyttisyys. A common cause is a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid, both essential for DNA synthesis and red blood cell production. When these vitamins are lacking, red blood cell division is impaired, leading to larger, immature cells. Other causes include certain medications, liver disease, chronic alcohol abuse, and myelodysplastic syndromes, a group of disorders where the bone marrow fails to produce enough healthy blood cells.

The clinical presentation of makrotsyyttisyys can vary depending on the underlying cause. Symptoms may include fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, and a sore tongue. In more severe cases, neurological symptoms like numbness, tingling, and problems with balance can occur, particularly with vitamin B12 deficiency.

Diagnosis involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Beyond the CBC, tests to measure vitamin B12 and folate levels, as well as tests to assess liver function and identify potential autoimmune causes, are often performed. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause. For nutritional deficiencies, supplementation with vitamin B12 or folic acid is prescribed. If medication-induced, discontinuing or adjusting the dosage of the offending drug may be necessary. Prompt diagnosis and management are crucial to prevent complications associated with makrotsyyttisyys.