makrofágoaktivitás

Makrofágoaktivitás refers to the state of activation of macrophages, a type of white blood cell crucial for the immune system. Macrophages are phagocytic cells that engulf and digest cellular debris, foreign substances, microbes, and cancer cells. Their activity can be modulated by various signals, leading to different functional states, often broadly categorized as M1 (classically activated) and M2 (alternatively activated) macrophages.

M1 macrophages are typically induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and are involved in fighting intracellular pathogens and promoting inflammation. They produce reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, to eliminate threats.

M2 macrophages, on the other hand, are often induced by anti-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13. They play a role in tissue repair, wound healing, and resolving inflammation. M2 macrophages are involved in clearing apoptotic cells, promoting angiogenesis, and secreting growth factors.

The level and type of makrofágoaktivitás are critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding effectively to infection and injury. Dysregulation of macrophage activation can contribute to various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, chronic inflammation, and cancer progression. Understanding makrofágoaktivitás is therefore essential for developing therapeutic strategies targeting immune responses.