makrocitózis

Makrocytózis refers to the presence of abnormally large red blood cells, known as macrocytes, in the peripheral blood. This condition is often diagnosed through a complete blood count (CBC) and a peripheral blood smear, where the size and morphology of red blood cells are evaluated. Macrocytes are typically defined as red blood cells with a diameter greater than 9 micrometers or a mean corpuscular volume (MCV) that is elevated, usually above 100 femtoliters.

The presence of makrocytózis is not a disease in itself but rather an indicator of an underlying issue affecting red blood cell production or maturation. Several factors can lead to makrocytózis. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly a lack of vitamin B12 or folate, are common causes. These vitamins are essential for DNA synthesis, and their deficiency impairs the division of red blood cell precursors in the bone marrow, leading to the production of larger, immature cells.

Other causes can include certain medications, alcohol abuse, liver disease, and myelodysplastic syndromes, a group of disorders where the bone marrow does not produce enough healthy blood cells. In some cases, makrocytózis can be a sign of other medical conditions like hypothyroidism or chronic pancreatitis. The diagnosis and management of makrocytózis depend on identifying and treating the underlying cause.