Makrocytózis

Makrocytózis refers to the presence of abnormally large red blood cells, known as macrocytes, in the peripheral blood. This condition is diagnosed by measuring the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), a red blood cell index, which will be elevated. While macrocytic red blood cells can be a sign of various underlying conditions, they are not inherently pathological on their own. The presence of macrocytes prompts further investigation to determine the cause.

The most common causes of macrocytosis are deficiencies in vitamin B12 or folate. These vitamins are essential for DNA synthesis, and their lack impairs red blood cell maturation, leading to the production of larger, less mature cells. Conditions affecting the absorption of these vitamins, such as pernicious anemia or malabsorption syndromes, can also result in macrocytosis.

Other potential causes include liver disease, hypothyroidism, and certain medications that interfere with DNA metabolism. Alcoholism is also frequently associated with macrocytosis, though the exact mechanisms are not fully understood. In some cases, macrocytosis can be an incidental finding in otherwise healthy individuals, particularly in newborns, where it is generally physiological. The clinical significance and management of macrocytosis depend entirely on the identified underlying cause.