majanduskäiku

Majanduskäik refers to the economic cycle or business cycle, a natural fluctuation in economic activity that an economy experiences over time. This cycle is characterized by periods of expansion (growth) followed by periods of contraction (recession). These fluctuations are not regular and their duration and intensity can vary significantly.

During an expansionary phase, economic indicators such as GDP, employment, industrial production, and retail sales tend to rise. Businesses often invest more, consumer spending increases, and inflation may start to pick up. This period is generally associated with prosperity and optimism.

Conversely, a contractionary phase, or recession, is marked by a decline in these economic indicators. Unemployment rises, businesses may cut back on production and investment, and consumer confidence typically falls. Recessions can range from mild downturns to severe depressions.

The transition between expansion and contraction is marked by peaks and troughs. A peak represents the highest point of economic activity before a downturn, while a trough signifies the lowest point before a recovery begins. Understanding the majanduskäik is crucial for policymakers, businesses, and individuals to make informed decisions regarding monetary and fiscal policy, investment strategies, and personal financial planning. Various economic theories attempt to explain the causes and predict the timing of these cycles, citing factors like changes in aggregate demand, technological advancements, and financial market behavior.