magnesiums

Magnesiums is a collective term for magnesium in its elemental form and for its inorganic compounds. The element magnesium (Mg, atomic number 12) is a light, silver-white metal that resists corrosion briefly in air and burns with a bright white flame when ignited. Common magnesium compounds include magnesium oxide (MgO), magnesium chloride (MgCl2), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), magnesium carbonate (MgCO3), and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2).

Occurrence and properties: Magnesium is the eighth most abundant element in the Earth's crust, primarily in magnesian minerals such as dolomite, magnesite, brucite, and talc. The metal is highly reactive and forms a protective oxide film that slows further corrosion; under certain conditions, finely divided magnesium can ignite spontaneously.

Production: Commercial magnesium metal is produced mainly by the electrolytic reduction of magnesium chloride derived from seawater or brines, or via the Pidgeon process, a silicothermic reduction of magnesium oxide. These methods produce metal for alloys and chemical use.

Uses: Magnesium and its alloys are valued for light weight and strength, finding use in aerospace, automotive, electronics, and consumer products. Magnesium oxide serves as a refractory material; magnesium hydroxide and magnesium carbonate appear in environmental, health, and industrial applications. Magnesium sulfate is used medically and in agriculture; other magnesium salts are used as food additives and anticaking agents.

Safety and environment: Magnesium metal is highly reactive, especially in powder form, and can ignite readily in air or water. Proper storage and handling are essential. Production is energy-intensive, and recycling of magnesium from scrap is common to reduce environmental impact. The term magnesiums reflects the broader family of magnesium-containing substances rather than a single material.