machinebewaking

Machinebewaking, usually translated as machine guarding, is the set of measures designed to protect people from the hazards created by machinery during operation, setup, adjustment, cleaning and maintenance. It combines physical safeguards with safety-related control systems to prevent access to dangerous parts and to stop the machine in unsafe conditions.

Core elements include physical guards such as fixed or interlocked barriers, and presence-sensing devices; safety devices like emergency stop buttons and safety interlocks; and safety-rated control systems such as safety PLCs and protective interlocks that ensure safe stop, safe reset and safe operating conditions.

Practice is guided by risk assessment and the hierarchy of controls. Designers select appropriate guards based on hazard assessment, ensure safe access for maintenance, and implement safe startup, stop and reset procedures. Standards commonly invoked include ISO 13849-1 for safety-related parts of control systems and EN ISO 12100 for risk assessment. EN 953 and EN ISO 14119 address guarding and interlocking.

Implementation also includes installation compliance with electrical equipment standards (ISO 60204-1), regular inspection, testing, and maintenance of guards and safety devices; training of operators and maintenance staff; and procedures for lockout/tagout during servicing.

Benefits of machine guarding include reduced risk of injuries such as lacerations and crush injuries, compliance with legal requirements, and improved overall workplace safety. Limitations include the potential for human factors, the need for ongoing maintenance, and the possibility of residual risk in highly automated systems.