maché

Maché, commonly referred to as papier-mâché, is a lightweight composite material used for sculpture, masks, and decorative objects. It consists of paper pieces or pulp bound with an adhesive—typically a starch-based paste, flour-and-water mixture, or white glue—and dried to form a hard, durable shell.

Origin and history: The technique dates back to ancient China and was popularized in Europe in the 18th and 19th centuries. The term papier mâché is French for “chewed paper,” reflecting the traditional process of using paper and paste to create a solid form.

Construction methods: In the strip-building method, long strips of paper are dipped in paste and applied over an armature to build up a form. In the pulp method, shredded paper is blended into a slurry and cast in a mold. Both approaches rely on layers of paper and adhesive and require drying between applications.

Finishing and care: Surfaces are often primed, painted, and sealed with varnish or lacquer to improve durability and moisture resistance. Papier-mâché is relatively light but can be fragile when dry and is sensitive to water.

Uses and applications: It is commonly used for masks, festival puppets, theatre props, decorative boxes, and light sculptures. It also appears in arts education and low-cost craft projects due to its accessibility and versatility.

Variations and safety: Modern versions use non-toxic adhesives and paints. Reinforcement with fabric or plaster can increase strength. Store in a dry environment to prevent mold and avoid solvent-based coatings that could degrade the material.