maalaus

Maalaus is the process of applying pigment to a surface to create images or color arrangements, and it also denotes the finished work produced by this process. In Finnish, maalaus may refer to fine art painting (maalaustaide) as well as decorative or architectural painting of objects and buildings. Materials, media, and techniques vary, but share a focus on color, form, and surface.

Historically, painting has ancient roots worldwide. In Finland, the modern painting tradition developed through European styles and national romanticism in the 19th century, with artists such as Akseli Gallen-Kallela, Albert Edelfelt, and Helene Schjerfbeck shaping Finnish painting. The 20th century brought modernism, abstraction, and diverse contemporary practices, with artists exploring new media and cross-disciplinary approaches.

Techniques and media commonly include oil, tempera, and acrylic on supports such as canvases and wooden panels; frescoes and wall paintings are notable forms of architectural painting. Practices range from representational to abstract, employing varied brushwork, glazing, layering, and underpainting techniques.

Uses and significance: Beyond the fine art context, maalaus denotes decorative painting of interiors and exteriors, including walls and furniture, as well as protective and aesthetic coatings on other surfaces. Conservation and restoration ethics guide the preservation of historic works, while education and exhibitions support ongoing practice and public engagement with painting.