lysdioders

Lysdioder, often abbreviated as LED, are semiconductor devices that emit light when an electric current passes through them. This phenomenon is known as electroluminescence. Unlike incandescent bulbs that produce light by heating a filament, LEDs are highly efficient and generate very little heat.

The basic structure of an LED consists of a semiconductor chip made of materials like gallium arsenide or gallium nitride. This chip is encased in a clear or colored plastic lens, which also serves to protect the semiconductor and focus the emitted light. When a voltage is applied across the semiconductor, electrons and holes combine, releasing energy in the form of photons, which we perceive as light. The color of the light emitted by an LED is determined by the specific semiconductor materials used and the energy band gap of the material.

LEDs have become ubiquitous due to their long lifespan, low power consumption, and durability. They are found in a vast array of applications, ranging from simple indicator lights on electronic devices to complex lighting systems for homes and businesses, traffic signals, and displays. Their ability to be manufactured in various colors and their compact size have also made them ideal for use in signage, decorative lighting, and even in the medical field. The development of white LEDs, which are typically achieved by combining red, green, and blue LEDs or by coating a blue LED with a phosphor, has revolutionized general lighting.