lutier

A luthier (often spelled lutier in some languages) is a craftsman who builds and repairs stringed instruments, including violins, violas, cellos, basses, guitars, lutes, and related plucked or bowed instruments. The craft emphasizes tonal quality, precise setup, and long-term stability, and luthiers often specialize by instrument family.

Etymology and tradition: The term comes from the French luthier, meaning “lute-maker” (from lute). The practice dates to the Renaissance and has prominent centers in Cremona (Italy) and in German-speaking regions such as Mittenwald and Markneukirchen, which refined violin and guitar making.

Construction and materials: Luthiers select tonewoods—spruce for the top, maple for the back and ribs, ebony for fittings—and use hide glue, oil or varnish finishes, and careful arching and carving. Production involves carving plates, shaping the arch, carving the neck and fingerboard, installing fittings, and in violins, locating the soundpost, bass bar, f-holes, and purfling. Each instrument is tuned and set up individually.

Repair, restoration, and training: Most luthiers also repair instruments, reinforce cracks, reset necks, and adjust bridges and strings. Training is usually through apprenticeship with a master luthier or through specialized schools; many work in small workshops, though some practice in larger operations or restoration studios. Notable historic luthiers include Andrea Amati, Antonio Stradivari, and Giuseppe Guarneri, linked to Cremona’s golden age.