lukukaudet
Lukukaudet, the Finnish term for school terms or academic semesters, refer to the scheduled periods during which educational institutions conduct classes, assessments, and related academic activities. In Finland, the standard year is divided into two main lukukaudet: the autumn (tammikuu–tammikuun) term, beginning in late August or early September and concluding in mid‑December, and the spring term, starting in early January and ending in late May. Each term typically lasts roughly 12 to 13 weeks, with short breaks for Christmas and Easter. The Finnish system also allows for shorter periods such as summer or winter breaks, which serve as interims between the main lukukaudet and offer opportunities for continuous learning or enrichment activities.
The structure of lukukaudet is adopted across many educational levels, from primary schools to universities. Primary
Other Nordic countries, such as Norway, Sweden, and Denmark, employ comparable term structures with similar names
Historically, lukukaudet have evolved to match shifting educational policies, labour market demands, and pedagogical trends. Modern