lowerchain
Lowerchain is a term used in modular blockchain architectures to denote the foundational layer that provides security, settlement, and data availability for additional chains in the ecosystem. In such designs, upper chains or parachains rely on the lowerchain for finality and trustless interaction, while the lowerchain operates as the primary consensus and settlement layer.
Typically operated by a diverse set of validators or stakers, the lowerchain uses a robust consensus mechanism
Because the security of upper chains depends on the lowerchain, its decentralization, fault tolerance, and attack
There is no universally standardized definition. The term is descriptive and appears in theoretical discussions and
In practice, a lowerchain may host finality checkpoints, global state commitments, and verifiable data availability, serving