louhintamenetelmien

Louhintamenetelmät refers to the various techniques and processes used in the extraction of minerals and other geological materials from the Earth's crust. These methods are broadly categorized into two main types: surface mining and underground mining.

Surface mining encompasses techniques like open-pit mining, strip mining, and quarrying. Open-pit mining involves excavating a large, continuous pit to extract ore deposits that are close to the surface. Strip mining is used for relatively horizontal deposits, where layers of overburden are removed to expose the mineral deposit. Quarrying is typically employed for extracting building materials such as stone and gravel. These methods are generally more cost-effective and safer than underground mining when ore bodies are shallow and extensive.

Underground mining is utilized when mineral deposits are located deep beneath the surface. Various methods exist, including drift mining, slope mining, and shaft mining. Drift mining accesses deposits through horizontal tunnels. Slope mining uses inclined tunnels. Shaft mining involves sinking vertical shafts to reach the ore body, from which horizontal or inclined tunnels are excavated. Different techniques within underground mining, such as room and pillar, longwall mining, and sublevel caving, are chosen based on the geological characteristics of the deposit and safety considerations. The selection of a specific louhintamenetelmä depends on factors like the depth and geometry of the ore body, the type of mineral being extracted, economic feasibility, and environmental impact.