longsword

A longsword is a European sword designed for two-handed use, featuring a straight, double-edged blade and a cruciform guard. It is often distinguished from shorter arming swords by its longer grip and blade, which allow both hands to be placed on the hilt for increased leverage and power.

Most examples have blade lengths of about 80 to 110 centimeters (31 to 43 inches) and overall lengths around 100 to 140 centimeters (39 to 55 inches). The weight typically falls in the range of 1.8 to 2.5 kilograms (4 to 5.5 pounds). The hilt usually comprises a long grip, a straight crossguard, and a balanced pommel, with blades sometimes featuring a fuller to reduce weight without sacrificing stiffness.

Longswords emerged in the late medieval period, roughly from the 14th to the 16th centuries, in Western Europe. They were employed in battlefield combat, but were also used in civilian self-defense, duels, and judicial combats. The weapon is associated with various European martial traditions, including German and Italian schools, and is the subject of historical treatises that cover techniques such as binding, half-sword fighting, cutting, thrusting, and disarms.

In modern times, the longsword is a central focus of historical European martial arts (HEMA), studied for authentic technique as well as sport. It remains a prominent image in popular culture as a versatile, two-handed knightly sword, reflecting its longstanding association with heraldry, training, and medieval combat.