ln8
ln8 denotes the natural logarithm of the integer eight, written mathematically as ln(8). The natural logarithm uses the base e, where e is approximately 2.718281828459045. Because the exponentiated value e^x = 8 has the solution x = ln8, it quantifies the power to which e must be raised to produce eight. Conveniently, ln8 can be expressed exactly as three times the natural logarithm of two, since 8 equals 2 cubed: ln8 = ln(2^3) = 3·ln2. This relationship allows the use of known series or tables for ln2 to evaluate ln8.
Numerically, ln8 is about 2.079441541679835928. In base‑10 logarithms, it corresponds to log10(8) ≈ 0.903089987, because ln8 = log10(8)·ln10.