lisämunuaiskuorikerroksen

Lisämunuaiskuorikerros, scientifically known as the adrenal cortex, is the outer layer of the adrenal gland. It is responsible for producing and secreting a variety of steroid hormones that are crucial for numerous bodily functions. The adrenal cortex is divided into three distinct zones, each with a specific role in hormone synthesis.

The outermost zone, the zona glomerulosa, produces mineralocorticoids, primarily aldosterone. Aldosterone plays a key role in regulating electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium levels, and consequently influences blood pressure.

The middle zone, the zona fasciculata, is the widest layer and synthesizes glucocorticoids, with cortisol being the main example. Cortisol is involved in stress response, metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, immune system regulation, and has anti-inflammatory effects.

The innermost zone, the zona reticularis, produces androgens, which are sex hormones. In males, these are primarily androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and in females, they contribute to the production of androgens and estrogens. These hormones are important for the development of secondary sexual characteristics and have other metabolic functions.

The production of hormones by the adrenal cortex is tightly regulated by the pituitary gland's adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Dysfunctions of the adrenal cortex can lead to various endocrine disorders, such as Cushing's syndrome, Addison's disease, and congenital adrenal hyperplasia, highlighting its vital importance in maintaining overall health.