Lisämunuaiskuorikerros

Lisämunuaiskuorikerros, scientifically known as the adrenal cortex, is the outer region of the adrenal gland. It is essential for producing a variety of steroid hormones, which play crucial roles in numerous bodily functions. The adrenal cortex is divided into three distinct zones, each responsible for synthesizing different hormones.

The outermost layer, the zona glomerulosa, primarily produces mineralocorticoids, the most important of which is aldosterone. Aldosterone regulates electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium levels, and thus influences blood pressure and fluid volume.

Beneath the zona glomerulosa lies the zona fasciculata, the widest zone of the adrenal cortex. This layer is responsible for producing glucocorticoids, with cortisol being the main representative. Cortisol is involved in regulating metabolism, suppressing the immune system, and responding to stress. It influences glucose, fat, and protein metabolism.

The innermost layer of the adrenal cortex is the zona reticularis. This zone produces androgens, which are sex hormones. While the adrenal cortex produces androgens in both males and females, their contribution is more significant in females and in the early stages of development in males. These androgens, such as dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), are precursors to other sex hormones like testosterone and estrogen.

The production of hormones by the adrenal cortex is regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the pituitary gland to release adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). ACTH, in turn, acts on the adrenal cortex, prompting the release of its hormones. Hormonal imbalances originating from the adrenal cortex can lead to various medical conditions.