lipoproteínu

Lipoprotein is a complex molecule found in blood plasma that transports fats (lipids) and cholesterol throughout the body. It consists of a core of hydrophobic lipids, such as triglycerides and cholesterol esters, surrounded by a shell of more polar molecules, including phospholipids, free cholesterol, and proteins called apolipoproteins. These apolipoproteins are crucial for the structural integrity of the lipoprotein and also serve as ligands for receptors, enabling cells to take up the lipoproteins.

There are several major classes of lipoproteins, distinguished by their size, density, and the proportion of lipids and proteins they contain. These include chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), intermediate-density lipoproteins (IDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Each class plays a specific role in lipid transport. Chylomicrons transport dietary fats from the intestines to tissues. VLDL and IDL transport triglycerides synthesized in the liver to peripheral tissues. LDL is the primary carrier of cholesterol to cells. HDL, often referred to as "good cholesterol," plays a role in reverse cholesterol transport, returning excess cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver.

The balance of different lipoprotein levels in the blood is important for cardiovascular health. Elevated levels of LDL are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis, a condition where plaque builds up in arteries. Conversely, higher levels of HDL are generally considered protective against heart disease. Various factors, including diet, genetics, and lifestyle, can influence lipoprotein profiles.