lipoproteinlipáz

Lipoprotein lipase, often abbreviated as LPL, is a crucial enzyme in the metabolism of fats. It is primarily found anchored to the inner lining of blood vessel walls, particularly in adipose tissue, muscle, and the heart. Its main function is to hydrolyze triglycerides, which are the main components of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and chylomicrons, the main triglyceride-carrying lipoproteins in the blood.

This hydrolysis breaks down triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol. The released fatty acids can then be taken up by surrounding cells for energy production or storage as fat. In this way, LPL plays a vital role in delivering dietary fats and stored fats to the tissues that need them.

The activity of LPL is regulated by various factors, including hormones like insulin, which promotes its activity, and other proteins that either activate or inhibit it. Genetic defects in the LPL gene or its regulators can lead to severe hypertriglyceridemia, a condition characterized by very high levels of triglycerides in the blood, increasing the risk of pancreatitis. Conversely, its proper function is essential for maintaining healthy lipid levels and preventing cardiovascular disease.