lipolüüsiga

Lipolysis is a metabolic process that breaks down stored triglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. This process occurs in adipocytes, the fat cells in the body. Lipolysis is primarily regulated by hormones, with adrenaline and glucagon stimulating the breakdown of fat, while insulin inhibits it. When the body needs energy, such as during fasting or exercise, lipolysis is activated, releasing fatty acids into the bloodstream to be used as fuel by various tissues.

The breakdown of triglycerides involves a series of enzymatic reactions. First, hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) is activated, which cleaves the triglycerides into diglycerides and then monoglycerides. Finally, monoacylglycerol lipase (MGL) hydrolyzes monoglycerides into glycerol and free fatty acids. Glycerol is then transported to the liver, where it can be converted into glucose through gluconeogenesis. The free fatty acids are bound to albumin in the blood and transported to tissues like muscles and the heart, where they undergo beta-oxidation to produce ATP, the body's main energy currency.

Several factors can influence the rate of lipolysis, including diet, exercise, and hormonal status. A caloric deficit, for example, promotes lipolysis to mobilize stored energy. Conversely, a high-carbohydrate diet and excessive insulin levels can suppress lipolysis. Understanding lipolysis is crucial in comprehending energy balance, weight management, and metabolic disorders.