lineTotal

A linetotal is a value used in invoices, orders, and similar financial documents to represent the total amount attributed to a single line item. It is typically calculated for each product or service listed on a document and contributes to the overall invoice total.

Calculation and components: The basic linetotal is quantity multiplied by unit price. Many systems allow adjustments such as line-level discounts or rebates, which reduce the pre-discount amount, and taxes that may be applied at the line level. In its simplest form, linetotal before tax = quantity × unit price. If a discount is applied per line, the pre-tax linetotal may be reduced accordingly. If tax is added at the line level, the linetotal including tax equals the linetotal before tax times (1 + tax rate). Some pricing models use tax-inclusive linetotal, where the line total already contains tax.

Data representation and usage: In software and accounting workflows, linetotal is stored as a per-line field on an invoice or order. It is used to calculate subtotals, tax totals, and the final amount due. Linetotal is distinct from unit price, quantity, discounts, and tax rate, though these factors influence its value. In some systems, line totals can be shown both pre-tax and post-tax for clarity.

Variants and considerations: Different jurisdictions and systems handle line totals with varying conventions, such as tax-inclusive pricing, per-line tax versus aggregate tax, and the treatment of line-level versus document-level discounts. When integrating or exporting data, linetotal fields are commonly mapped to ensure accurate invoice totals.